GeoGebra

Unit 16 - Human Body

Autor:STEPAM Education

Human Body

 Focus Areas: Cardboard Stomach, Nutrition, Body Parts, Functions, Changes in Puberty, Organ Systems Human digestive system model 3d making Objectives At the end of this unit, students are expected to:
  • Identify body parts, organ systems, and their functions.
  • Understand the role of nutrition and its impact on the human body.
  • Recognize changes that occur during puberty.
  • Apply engineering skills to build a cardboard stomach model for nutrition exploration.
  • Solve math word problems related to the human body.
  • Participate in physical activities to reinforce body awareness.
  • Explore technology tools for learning about the human body.
Materials
  • Cardboard, markers, glue, and scissors (for building models).
  • Printable diagrams of organ systems and body parts.
  • Various objects to represent "food" for the cardboard stomach (e.g., colored paper cutouts or small items).
  • Stopwatch, measuring tape, or fitness tracker (for physical activities).
  • Tablets or smartphones with anatomy or health apps.
Activity 1: Exploring the Human Body Systems (Science) Objective: Understand the digestive system, its organs, and their functions in the human body. Duration: 25 minutes 1. Introduction (5 minutes) Begin by diagrams or videos showing major organ systems (e.g., digestive, circulatory, respiratory). Continue with student discussion on what happens to the food we eat. Ask them to name organs involved in digestion. Introduce the main stages of digestion:
  • The mouth chews food into smaller pieces.
  • The stomach uses acids and enzymes to break food into nutrients.
  • The small intestine absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream.
  • The large intestine absorbs water and prepares waste for excretion. Use a diagram or a 3D model of the digestive system to illustrate these stages.
2. Group Activity: Digestive Pathway (10 minutes) Divide the class into small groups. Provide each group with cards labeled with organ names and their corresponding functions. Have groups arrange the cards in the correct order of the digestive process. Once completed, ask each group to present their pathway and explain the function of each organ. 3. Hands-On Demonstration (5 minutes) Use simple materials to mimic the digestive process. For example, crackers represent food, a plastic bag with water represents the stomach, and a strainer represents the small intestine. Demonstrate how food changes as it moves through each stage of digestion. 4. Discussion and Questions (5 minutes) Conclude with a reflective discussion. Ask students why the stomach is essential for digestion and what might happen if one part of the system malfunctions. Emphasize the importance of balanced nutrition for a healthy digestive system. Activity 2: Use technology and mobile apps to learn Human Body Systems Objective: Use technology to explore anatomy and health. Duration: 15 minutes

Activity 3: Cardboard Stomach – Nutrition and Engineering Objective: Build a cardboard stomach model to demonstrate digestion and nutrition. Duration: 40 minutes Instructions: 1. Materials: Provide cardboard, glue, scissors, markers, and small items to represent food. 2. Construction: Students design and cut out a stomach shape from cardboard. Create an opening at the top for "food" insertion and a bottom opening for "digestion output." 3. Nutritional Learning: Students "feed" their model with items representing proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Discuss how these nutrients are processed by the digestive system. Activity 4: Body Part Touch Relay (Physical Education) Objective: Enhance physical coordination and reinforce knowledge of body parts. Duration: 20 minutes 1. Setup: Divide students into two or more equal teams. Mark the playing area with a starting line and a finish line 5 to 15 meters apart. Place a cone at the finish line for each team. 2. Game Rules: All players line up behind the starting line. At the teacher’s signal, the first player from each team runs to the cone, touches it with the assigned body part (e.g., shoulder), and returns to the starting line. The first player to return earns a point for their team. 3. Relay Variation: After the first player completes the task, they tag the next player, who performs the same task. The round ends when all players on a team complete the task. The first team to finish earns the point. 4. Body Part Assignments: Assign a different body part for each round (e.g., elbow, knee, hand, or foot). Optionally, use cards with body parts written or illustrated on them. Players pick a card to determine their task. 5. Movement Variation: Instead of running, players can perform different movements, such as hopping, crawling, or skipping, to reach the cone.
Alternativly for classroom: 235. Heads, Shoulders, Knees & Cone This game requires focus and quick response time. This game is played individually. At the beginning, all players must find a partner/opponent and stand across from them. A cone is placed directly in between them. The players put their hands on the head, shoulders, or knees when they are called. When you say “cone”, they need to be the first one to grab it. Winner finds another winner, and the losers compete for the runner prize.

Body Part Touch Relay

Heads, Shoulders, Knees and Cones

Activity 5: Word Problems in Math – Human Body Objective: Solve word problems based on the human body. Duration: 20 minutes Examples:
  1. The heart beats 60 times per minute. How many times does it beat in an hour?
  2. A person consumes 2,000 calories a day. How many calories are consumed in a week?
  3. If a stomach holds 1.5 liters of food and drink, how much can it hold after three meals?
Optional; Students begin by discussing how math relates to the human body, exploring examples like heartbeats, food intake, and hydration needs. They solve problems such as calculating heartbeats over time, measuring stomach capacity after meals, and comparing intestine lengths. For instance, if a stomach holds 1,500 milliliters, how much space is left after eating 800 milliliters? They also tackle calorie-based problems, like determining running time to burn off a chocolate bar. STEPAM Components
  • Science: Explore body parts, organ systems, nutrition, and puberty.
  • Technology: Use anatomy apps to explore the human body interactively.
  • Engineering: Design and build a cardboard stomach to simulate digestion.
  • Physical Education: Participate in relay games to enhance body awareness.
  • Art: Create visual models of the stomach and body systems.
  • Mathematics: Solve word problems related to the human body and nutrition

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